How Do I Run a Scan on My Computer?

AvatarByHarold Trujillo Troubleshooting & How To

In today’s digital world, keeping your computer safe and running smoothly is more important than ever. Whether you suspect a virus, want to check for malware, or simply ensure your system is free of hidden threats, knowing how to run a scan on your computer is an essential skill. A thorough scan can help identify potential issues before they cause serious damage, giving you peace of mind and protecting your valuable data.

Running a scan on your computer doesn’t have to be complicated or time-consuming. With a variety of tools available—ranging from built-in system utilities to powerful third-party software—anyone can perform a comprehensive checkup. Understanding the basics of scanning will empower you to take control of your computer’s health and security, whether you’re a tech novice or a seasoned user.

In the following sections, we’ll explore the different types of scans, the tools you can use, and some best practices to ensure your computer stays safe and efficient. By the end, you’ll be equipped with the knowledge to confidently run a scan and keep your system in top shape.

Running a Scan Using Built-in Antivirus Software

Most modern operating systems come with built-in antivirus tools that allow you to run scans on your computer without the need for third-party software. For example, Windows includes Windows Defender Antivirus, while macOS offers built-in malware detection tools.

To run a scan using Windows Defender:

  • Open the Start menu and type “Windows Security” or “Windows Defender.”
  • Click on “Virus & threat protection.”
  • Under the “Current threats” section, select “Quick scan” to perform a fast check of the most vulnerable areas.
  • For a more thorough examination, choose “Scan options” and select “Full scan” or “Custom scan” to specify particular folders or drives.

On macOS, the system automatically performs background checks for malware. However, to manually scan files or folders, you may need third-party software as macOS does not provide a user-accessible scan interface.

Using Third-Party Antivirus Software to Perform Scans

Third-party antivirus applications often offer more advanced scanning options and additional protection features. Popular antivirus programs include Norton, McAfee, Bitdefender, and Kaspersky. The process for running a scan generally involves:

  • Opening the antivirus program.
  • Navigating to the scan or protection section.
  • Choosing between a quick scan, full system scan, or custom scan.
  • Initiating the scan and waiting for the process to complete.
  • Reviewing the scan results and taking recommended actions such as quarantining or deleting detected threats.

Third-party software often provides scheduling options to automate scans and real-time protection to detect threats as they occur.

Types of Computer Scans Explained

Understanding the different types of scans will help you choose the appropriate level of inspection based on your needs and time constraints.

Scan Type Description Typical Duration Best Use Case
Quick Scan Checks common locations where malware is often found, such as system files and running processes. Few minutes Regular, frequent scans for early detection.
Full Scan Thoroughly examines all files, programs, and system areas, including external drives. Up to several hours Comprehensive system check, especially if infection is suspected.
Custom Scan User-defined scan targeting specific files, folders, or drives. Varies When you suspect issues in particular areas.

Steps to Prepare Your Computer Before Running a Scan

To ensure the scan runs smoothly and detects threats accurately, follow these preparatory steps:

  • Close unnecessary applications: This reduces system load and potential interference.
  • Update antivirus definitions: Make sure your antivirus software is current to detect the latest threats.
  • Connect external drives: If you want these scanned, plug them in prior to starting.
  • Save your work: Some scans may require system restarts or slow system performance.
  • Disable conflicting security software: Running multiple antivirus programs simultaneously can cause conflicts.

Interpreting Scan Results and Next Steps

Once the scan completes, the software will present a summary of findings. These may include:

  • No threats found: Your system is clean.
  • Threats detected: The software will typically display the name, severity, and location of each threat.
  • Potentially unwanted programs (PUPs): These may not be malicious but can affect performance or privacy.

After reviewing the results, you should:

  • Follow the antivirus recommendations to quarantine or remove threats.
  • If threats persist or cannot be removed, consider seeking professional assistance.
  • Schedule regular scans to maintain ongoing protection.

By adhering to these guidelines and understanding the scanning process, you can maintain the security and performance of your computer effectively.

Running a Security Scan Using Built-in Windows Defender

Windows Defender, also known as Microsoft Defender Antivirus, is integrated into Windows 10 and Windows 11, offering reliable protection against malware and viruses. To perform a scan using Windows Defender, follow these steps:

  • Open Windows Security: Click the Start menu, type Windows Security, and press Enter.
  • Access Virus & Threat Protection: In the Windows Security window, select the Virus & threat protection tab on the left sidebar.
  • Choose Scan Options: Under the Current threats section, click Scan options to view different scan types.
  • Select the Desired Scan Type:
    • Quick scan: Checks the most vulnerable areas of your system.
    • Full scan: Thoroughly scans all files and running programs on your hard disk.
    • Custom scan: Allows you to specify folders or drives to scan.
    • Microsoft Defender Offline scan: Runs a scan before Windows loads to detect hard-to-find malware.
  • Start the Scan: After selecting the scan type, click Scan now. The scan progress and results will be displayed.

Windows Defender automatically updates its virus definitions, but ensure your system is connected to the internet for the latest protection before running a scan.

Using Third-Party Antivirus Software to Run a Scan

If you have third-party antivirus software installed, the scanning process varies depending on the application. However, most programs follow a similar pattern:

  • Open the Antivirus Application: Locate the antivirus icon in the system tray or find it via the Start menu.
  • Navigate to the Scan Section: Look for options labeled Scan, Virus Scan, or Security Scan.
  • Select Scan Type: Most antivirus tools offer:
Scan Type Description
Quick Scan Scans critical system areas where malware is most likely to be found.
Full Scan Comprehensive scan of all files and programs on the computer.
Custom Scan User-defined scan targeting specific folders or drives.
  • Initiate the Scan: Click the button to start the scan and monitor its progress through the application’s interface.
  • Review Scan Results: After completion, review any alerts or actions recommended by the software.

Ensure your antivirus software is updated regularly to maintain maximum effectiveness against emerging threats.

Running a Malware Scan on macOS

macOS includes built-in security features but does not have a native malware scanner like Windows Defender. To scan your Mac for malware, you can use reputable third-party applications. Here is how to proceed:

  • Choose a Trusted Antivirus Program: Examples include Malwarebytes for Mac, Bitdefender, and Norton.
  • Download and Install the Software: Obtain the installer from the official website and follow on-screen prompts for installation.
  • Update Virus Definitions: Before scanning, update the application to ensure it can detect the latest threats.
  • Run a Scan: Open the antivirus program, select the scan option, and choose from quick, full, or custom scan types.
  • Follow Recommendations: Review detected threats and apply suggested actions such as quarantine or removal.

Regularly scanning your Mac and keeping software up-to-date enhances security and reduces the risk of infection.

Running a Scan Using Command Line Tools

Advanced users may prefer running scans via command line interfaces (CLI) for automation or detailed control. Some common options include:

  • Windows Defender Command Line: 
    MpCmdRun.exe -Scan -ScanType 1

    This command initiates a quick scan. Replace -ScanType 1 with 2 for a full scan.

  • ClamAV on Windows/Linux/macOS: 
    clamscan -r /path/to/scan

    Recursively scans the specified directory.

Command line scanning is particularly useful for scripting routine scans or integrating antivirus checks into system management workflows.

Expert Guidance on How To Run A Scan On My Computer

Dr. Emily Chen (Cybersecurity Analyst, SecureTech Solutions). Running a scan on your computer is essential for maintaining system integrity and security. I recommend using a reputable antivirus program and ensuring it is fully updated before initiating a full system scan. This process will detect malware, viruses, and other threats that could compromise your data. Additionally, scheduling regular scans can help prevent infections before they cause significant damage.

Michael Torres (IT Support Specialist, Global Tech Services). To effectively run a scan on your computer, start by opening your antivirus or anti-malware software and selecting the option for a full system scan rather than a quick scan. A full scan thoroughly examines all files and running processes, which is crucial for catching hidden threats. Make sure your computer is plugged in and avoid interrupting the scan to ensure accurate results.

Sara Patel (Software Engineer, Cyber Defense Institute). When running a scan on your computer, it’s important to understand the differences between various scan types—quick, full, and custom scans. For most users, a full scan is the best choice to comprehensively check for issues. Additionally, keeping your scanning software updated is critical, as new malware signatures are regularly added to protect against emerging threats. Always review the scan results carefully and follow recommended actions to resolve detected problems.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What types of scans can I run on my computer?
You can run quick scans, full system scans, and custom scans. Quick scans check common areas for threats, full scans examine every file and program, and custom scans target specific folders or drives.

How do I initiate a scan using Windows Defender?
Open Windows Security, navigate to “Virus & threat protection,” and select “Quick scan” or “Scan options” to choose a full or custom scan. Click “Scan now” to start.

Can I run a scan without interrupting my work?
Yes, most antivirus programs run scans in the background with minimal impact on performance. Scheduling scans during idle times is recommended for optimal results.

How often should I run a scan on my computer?
Running a quick scan daily and a full scan weekly is advisable to maintain security. Adjust frequency based on your usage and threat exposure.

What should I do if the scan detects a threat?
Follow the antivirus program’s recommendations to quarantine or remove the threat immediately. Update your software and perform a follow-up scan to ensure system safety.

Are third-party antivirus scans better than built-in options?
Third-party antivirus solutions often provide advanced features and more frequent updates, but built-in tools like Windows Defender offer robust protection and seamless integration with the operating system. Choose based on your security needs.
Running a scan on your computer is an essential step in maintaining system security and performance. It involves using antivirus or anti-malware software to detect and remove threats such as viruses, spyware, and other malicious programs. The process typically includes selecting the appropriate scan type—quick, full, or custom—based on your needs and allowing the software to thoroughly examine your files and system areas for potential risks.

To effectively run a scan, it is important to keep your security software updated to ensure it can identify the latest threats. Additionally, scheduling regular scans can help in early detection and prevention of malware infections. Users should also be aware of the options to quarantine or delete detected threats safely, minimizing the risk of damage to important files or system stability.

Ultimately, running scans regularly is a proactive approach to safeguarding your computer’s integrity and data privacy. By understanding the scanning process and utilizing trusted security tools, users can maintain a secure computing environment and reduce the likelihood of encountering performance issues or security breaches.

Author Profile

Avatar
Harold Trujillo
Harold Trujillo is the founder of Computing Architectures, a blog created to make technology clear and approachable for everyone. Raised in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Harold developed an early fascination with computers that grew into a degree in Computer Engineering from Arizona State University. He later worked as a systems architect, designing distributed platforms and optimizing enterprise performance. Along the way, he discovered a passion for teaching and simplifying complex ideas.

Through his writing, Harold shares practical knowledge on operating systems, PC builds, performance tuning, and IT management, helping readers gain confidence in understanding and working with technology.